![]() Il termine giapponese mitama (御魂・御霊・神霊? spirito onorevole) si riferisce allo spirito di un kami o all'anima di una persona morta.The four seem moreover to have a different importance, and different thinkers have described their interaction differently. In the Nihon Shoki, the deity Ōnamuchi (Ōkuninushi) actually meets his kushi-mitama and saki-mitama in the form of Ōmononushi, but does not even recognize them. According to the theory, each of the souls making up the spirit has a character and a function of its own they all exist at the same time, complementing each other. The four souls are the ara-mitama (荒御霊・荒御魂, rude soul), the nigi-mitama (和御霊・和御魂, harmonious soul), the saki-mitama (幸御魂, happy soul) and the kushi-mitama (奇御霊・奇御魂, wondrous soul). ![]() ![]() Early Japanese definitions of the mitama, developed later by many thinkers like Motoori Norinaga, maintain it consists of several "souls", relatively independent one from the other.The most developed is the ichirei shikon (一霊四魂), a Shinto theory according to which the spirit (霊魂, reikon) of both kami and human beings consists of one whole spirit and four sub souls. Significantly, the term mitamashiro (御魂代, 'mitama representative') is a synonym of shintai, the object which in a Shinto shrine houses the enshrined kami. The character pair 神霊, also read mitama, is used exclusively to refer to a kami's spirit. It is composed of two characters, the first of which, mi (御, honorable), is simply an honorific. The Japanese word mitama (御魂・御霊・神霊, 'honorable spirit') refers to the spirit of a kami or the soul of a dead person.Aston (1841–1911) verglich das mitama mit der jüdischen Schechinah. Tama kann grundsätzlich jedem Objekt der Welt zukommen, wenn auch nicht jedes zu einem mitama werden kann. Tama wiederum ist nicht identisch mit dem christlichen Konzept der Seele, es ist darüber hinaus ein Konzept, das wesentlich älter als der Shintō selbst ist. Mi- ist ein Honorativpräfix und indiziert die Zugehörigkeit des tama bzw. In der Regel wird in Shintō-Schreinen nur das mitama eines Kami angebetet und verehrt, nicht der Kami selbst. etwa: „Ehrenwerte Seele“) ist ein esoterisches Konzept im Shintō und bezeichnet den Geist oder die Seele eines Kami.
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